This allows a lower rotor blade angle for the same amount of lift, which reduces induced drag. As the induced airflow through the rotor disk is reduced by the surface friction, the lift vector increases. This changes the relative direction of the downwash from a purely vertical motion to a combination of vertical and horizontal motion. The friction of the ground causes the downwash from the rotor to move outwards from the helicopter. This effect usually occurs at heights between the surface and approximately one rotor diameter above the surface. When hovering near the ground, a phenomenon known as ground effect takes place.
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